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あなたは鉄道が好きですか?
鉄道好きと言うと、オタク気質がありそうなんてイメージをお持ちの方も多いと思いますが、実はそんな事もありません。
爽やか系のイケメンでも鉄道が好きだったり、かわいい女の子も鉄道が好きだったりと、隠れ鉄道ファンはかなりの数がいると言われています。
つまり、鉄道の豆知識を知っていれば、そういった人たちと仲良くなれる可能性があると言う事です。
そこで今回は鉄道の豆知識を集めてみました。
常識的な事からオタク度の高い物まで様々ありますのでぜひ一つでも覚えていただければと思います。
旅客鉄道と貨物鉄道がある
地面に敷かれたレールの上を走る列車類をまとめて「鉄道」と呼んでいますが、この鉄道は、まず「旅客鉄道」と「貨物鉄道」に分けることができます。
前者は人を輸送する為の一般的な鉄道のことで、後者は荷物を運ぶ為に走らせる鉄道です。
一部で客車と共に貨物を積んだコンテナ台車を連結させて走らせていることもありますが、首都圏を走るような旅客鉄道ではそのような運用はまずなく、明確にこのどちらかに分かれて運行されています。
現在のJRグループは、地域ごとに「○○旅客鉄道株式会社」という名称で、関東では「東日本」が○○に入ります。
旅客鉄道としてはそのような全6社に分かれていますが、貨物鉄道では「日本貨物鉄道株式会社」という1社のみが存在し、全国で運行されています。
電車と列車の違いとは?
これは旅客鉄道、貨物鉄道を問わない鉄道そのものとしての違いになります。
「電車」は文字通り、電気を利用して走っている鉄道のことです。
「列車」と読んでも間違いではなく、この列車という表現は、次に説明する「気動車」も含めて使うことができます。
その「気動車」とは、電気ではなく、ガソリンを使用するエンジンを搭載した列車のことです。
つまり、「列車」は動力別に、「電車」と「気動車」に分かれると考えると分かりやすいでしょう。
電車が走るには、その為の架線を引かないといけません。
地下鉄では線路と一緒に地面にそれが貼ってあることも多いですが、全区間でこの架線がないと電力の供給ができません。
気動車はエンジンを搭載しているので、線路さえあればどこでも走ることができます。
尚、日本ではイベント時などに走らせる程度になっていますが、この他に「SL」と呼ばれることも多い「蒸気機関車」も鉄道の1つです。(電車にも気動車にも入りません)
詳しくは別の記事でもまとめていますのでご覧ください。
気動車は地方で健在
首都圏では電車しか見ることがないかも知れませんが、エンジンで走る気動車も地方では普通に見ることができます。
この気動車の一番メリットは、架線を引く必要がないことで、山の中を走る列車や雪深い地域ではそれが難しいことから、気動車が多く活躍しています。
特に北海道では、函館や札幌市内を除き、ほとんどの鉄道が気動車での運行です。
屋外に架線を引くと、雪の重みでそれがすぐに切れてしまい、まともに走らせることができない為だと言われています。
気動車の動力は大型のバスに使われているようなディーゼルエンジンで、まるで車のようなエンジン音を響かせて走っています。
電車と比較しても遜色のないパワーがあり、時速120キロ以上での走行が可能な車体もあります。
駅名には宣伝効果がある?
鉄道の話でよく聞くのが、色々な駅名の話です。
この駅名についてはクイズに出題されることも多く、ちょっとした豆知識として知っておいて損はないかも知れません。
まず、日本で一番短い駅名は「津」(つ)で、三重県に存在します。
これは県庁所在地そのものの名称なので特に面白かったり、珍しいということもありませんが、一番長い駅名の方は、宣伝効果の為にそうしているとも言えそうなほど長くなっています。
2020年7月現在、京都府京都市に存在する「等持院・立命館大学衣笠キャンパス前」(とうじいん・りつめいかんだいがくきぬがさきゃんぱすまえ)が読みで26文字(「・」を除く)となり、日本一長い駅名です。
2位には、熊本県阿蘇郡の「南阿蘇水の生まれる里白水高原駅」(みなみあそみずのうまれるさとはくすいこうげん)と、茨城県鹿嶋市の「長者ヶ浜潮騒はまなす公園前駅」(ちょうじゃがはましおさいはまなすこうえんまえ)が共に22文字で並んでいます。
「等持院・立命館大学衣笠キャンパス前」は、「等持院」という元の駅名を2020年3月に改称したもので、無理に長くして宣伝効果を出していると思われても仕方ないでしょう。
実際にも、この改称が行われた時にはニュースにもなりました。
モノレールや路面電車の扱いは?
モノレールや路面電車も、立派な「電車」の仲間になります。
それは、電気の供給によって走ることができているからです。
ただし、路面電車の扱いには難しい部分もあり、上の駅名の項にも絡みますが、北海道札幌市にある「西線9条旭山公園通」(にしせんくじょうあさひやまこうえんどおり)が読みで20文字あり、現在4位の長さの駅名だと言われることがありますが、路面電車では「駅」とは呼ばず、「停留所」という言葉と使うのが通例です。
その為、それは「駅」からは除外され、千葉県浦安市の「東京ディズニーランド・ステーション」(とうきょうでぃずにーらんど・すてーしょん)が「・」を除いて19文字で4位とされています。
こちらは舞浜リゾートラインという路線のモノレールの駅ですが、そのモノレールではきちんと「駅」という表現になり、停留所とは使いません。
このように路面電車は電車でありながら、停車する場所は「停留所」というバスと同様の扱いになるという少し面白い話だと覚えておくといいでしょう。
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